COMPUTER BASE
DIGITAL
SUMMER CAMP
PUBLISHED BY
RESEARCH TEAM
SDCT, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
COMPUTER
Computer is an electronic device that can perform a variety of
operations in accordance with a set of instructions called program.
Features of computer
1.
Speed
2.
Storage capacity
3.
Accuracy
4.
Reliability
5.
Versatility
Parts of a Computer
Basically a computer has three
parts, they are:
1.
Input Unit
2.
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
3.
Output Unit
Block diagram of a Digital Computer
Input Unit
It is the unit meant
to receive the data and instruction contain in program. In other words it is
the unit through which the programmer communicates with the computer.
Eg: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, MICR, OCR, etc…
CPU (Central Processing Unit
It
is the brain of the computer that
actually under stand and executes all the instructions. The CPU comprises three
distinct parts, namely Memory Unit, ALU (Arithmetic & Logic Unit and
Control Unit.
ALU (Arithmetic & Logic Unit)
This
is the place where actual execution of the instruction takes place during the
data processing. The ALU is capable of performing the basic arithmetic
operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and some of
the logical operations.
Memory Unit
Memory Unit is the section where all
data, program and results are stored. The memory of the computer is classified
into Primary Memory and Secondary Memory.
Primary Memory
It is also called computers main
memory. All data information which are to be processed by the computer, are
kept ready in this memory. The results obtained after processing in the
arithmetic and logic unit are also stored in main memory.
Commonly used primary
storage devices are:
1.
RAM –Random Access Memory
2.
ROM – Read Only Memory
Secondary Memory
The programs and data which require
any further use are stored in a Secondary Memory. Recording, erasing and
rerecording for a number of times are possible in an auxiliary storage.
Commonly used Secondary Storage
devices are:
1.
Floppy Disk
2.
Hard Disk
3.
Magnetic Disk
4.
CD ROM
Output Unit
It is the unit meant to display the
result of computation from the memory. Some of the Out put devices produce only
a temporary copy of a result (like the monitor), while some others produce a
permanent copy (like the printer)
MICROSOFT WORD
Microsoft
Word is a word processing package. This refers to create documents, store and
manipulate them for editing or formatting
Elements of MS Word
Title
bar- Display the ms-word title with file name.
Menu
bar- Display the menus and pull down menus of word.
Standard tool bar- A bar with buttons
that performs some of the most common task in word such as new, open save,
print….etc
Formatting tool bar- A bar with buttons
and options used to apply commonly used to format such as bold italic, font,
size, etc
Work area – Typing areas of Ms Word.
Status bar- The bar at the bottom of
word window that display information about the current status document
Menus of word
File,
Edit, View, Insert, Format, Table, Windows, Help
File menu commands
New –
Create a blank document.
Open –
opens an Existing document.
Close
– Close the active document.
Save –
Saves the active document.
Saves
– Saves the active document with different names.
Page setup-
Change margin and size.
Print
preview – Show a document look when you print it.
Print
– Controls how document is printed.
Edit Menu Commands
Undo –
Reverses one or more changes made in a document.
Redo –
Repeat the action cancelled with the undo operation.
Cut –
Removes a selected text from the document and place it in the clipboard.
Copy –
Copies a selected text to the clipboard.
Paste
– Insert a copy of clipboard contents at the selected place.
Clear
– Deletes a selected text.
Select
All – Selecting the document of entire document.
Find
(ctrl+f) - Searches for specified text from document
Replace
(ctrl+f)-Searching a particular text and replacing it with another word.
Go to
(ctrl+f) - Finding a page, lines, Book mark etc
View Menu Commands
Normal-
Displays document in a simple view
Outline
- Displays the heading levels with paragraph levels.
Page
layout View – A WYSWYG (What you see is what you get) view that allows us to
see what the page will look when printed.
Full
Screen- Hides all screen elements and display the contents of documents in full
screen.
Tool
Bar – Displays or hides the entire tool bars in word.
Ruler-
Displays or hides the vertical and horizontal ruler lines
Header
and Footer- Adds special text or graphics words repeats top of every page (header)
and bottom of every page (footer).
Zoom-
Insert Menu Commands
Break-
Insert a page break, column break, and sections break at the insertion point.
Page
Number- Inserts page numbers with in a document.
Step:
1.
Insert –Page Number
2.
Select the
location and Position
3.
Click ok button
Date
and Time- Insert the date and time in the different format.
Symbol-
Insert special character to the document.
Foot
Note- Inserts a footnote or endnote for a selected text.
Foot note- Foot notes are placed at the
end of the page
End note- End notes are placed at the end
of the document
Picture-
Inserts a graphic or picture created in another application.
Object-
Inserts a drawing object from another application.
Hyperlink-
To link a word or picture with a file.
Step
1.
Select the text or picture to hyper link.
2.
Insert – hyper link.
3.
Click Browse for file button.
4.
Select the file we want to link and ok.
Format Menu Commands
Font –
font tab
1.
Font – Use to select a font name.
2.
Font style – Select a style.
3.
Size – Selecting a size
4.
Under line – Select the type of under line.
5.
Color – select the color of selected text.
6.
Effect – Select a combination of effect.
Paragraph
– Controls the appearance of paragraph by indentation and text below.
Indents
– left and right boundary of selected text.
Types of indents
1.
Left indent
2.
Right indent
3.
first line indent
4.
hanging indent
Alignment
1.
Left alignment
Aligns the text
at the left indent.
2.
Right alignment
Align selected
text at the right indent.
3.
Centered alignment
Centers
selected text between the left and right indents.
4.
Justified alignment
Expands spaces
in to lines to align text evently between the left and right indent
Boarders
and Shading
Add boarders and shading to selected
paragraphs, table, cell and frames.
Columns
Change the number of columns in a
selected document.
Change
case
Change the selected characters to
upper case, lower case, etc.
1.
Sentence case – Capitalizes the first letter of first
word in a sentence.
2.
Upper case – Changes to the selected text to upper
case.
3.
Lower case – Changes to the selected to lower case.
4.
Toggle case – Changes uppercase letters to lower case
and lower case letter to uppercase.
5.
Title case - Capitalize the first letter of each word
in the selections.
Bullets
and Numbering
Formats bullets and styles with in a list.
Back ground
This option is used to change
the background color.
Style
This command is used to create
modify or apply a style for a selected text.
Tools Menu Commands
Spelling-
Checks the spelling in the active document
Options-
- Change – Select word form suggestions list and replaces it in the position of original word.
- Ignore - Does not correct the spelling of the current word.
Grammar
Checks the documents for possible grammar
and style errors and displays suggestions for correcting them.
Auto
correct
Customizes the settings used to correct
text automatically as you type.
Protect
Document
Allow temporary protection for a document.
Macro
A Macro is a series of keystrokes and mouse
links that can be called with the simple click of the mouse.
Table Menu
Insert
table: Insert a table with number of rows and columns with a specified column
width.
Delete
cells: Delete the selected cells in a table
Merge
cells: Combine the contents of adjacent cell into a single cell.
Select
table: Select the entire table. Short cut Alt+5
Sort: Arranges
the information of selected rows alphabetically, numerically or by data
New
window of Microsoft Word 2007
MICROSOFT
EXCEL
It is a standard
Spread Sheet Software package developed by Microsoft Corporation, USA . It is used
extensively in preparing budgetary reports, Profit and Loss accounts etc.
Work Book
A
blank document in MS Excel Window is called an Excel Workbook. A work book is a
large are consisting of 65,536 rows and 256 columns. The intersection of each
row and column is called a cell.
Formula Bar
The formula bar is located just
below the formatting toolbar. It shows the address of the active cell, name of
the place, where the cell pointer is located and the contents of the active
cell.
Copying and moving worksheets
One or more selected worksheets can be
copied within and between workbooks.
Inserting an Deleting worksheets
Work book can be expanded or contracted by
inserting or deleting work sheets.
*Choose
Insert – Work sheet from the menu bar to insert a new worksheet or right click on one of
the selected sheet tabs and select insert from the shortcut menu.
*Choose
Edit- Delete sheet from the menu bar or right click on the sheet and choose the
delete from the shortcut menu.
Columns width and Rows Height
If the data which is entered into
the cell is bigger than the width of the column, It is partially visible. The
column width can be adjusted by the following steps.
*Select the column
*The column option is selected
from the format menu.
*Click on the width …. option.
A dialog is displayed.
*type the required of the
column in the text box column width.
Similarly the rows height can also be
adjusted by selecting the rows….option from the Format menu.
Auto Format
The
predesigned formats allow you to apply a standard format to all or part of a
worksheet.
*Select the
portion of the worksheet you want to auto format.
*Choose format
–Auto format from the menu bar to open the Auto format dialog box.
* Choose any format which you want
* Click the
options buttons to show format to apply and deselect any option which you do
not want to show click OK.
Conditional Formatting
Using
Conditional formatting formats can be applied to selected cells based on the
condition.
Formula
In a spreadsheet one of the powerful
feature is of formulas. Formulas can be used to perform calculations involving addition,
substration, division and multiplication. In excel formulas begins with an
equal sign.
Functions
Functions are built in special
programs which accept data, known as arguments, and return a value after
performing calculations on the data. The different types of functions are
statistical function, mathematical function, text functions etc.
New
window of Microsoft Excel 2007
MICROSOFT
POWER POINT
Power point is used to create Professional
quality presentations. It allows as creating the presentations with text
pictures, sound and animations.
Power point views
- Slide view
- Outline View
- Slide sorter view
Slide Transition
Transition control the way in which, each slide will
appear as its opens on the slide show screen.
To open Slide Transition
dialog box Choose Slide show à Slide Transition.
Animation
We can change the order in which objects enter the slide
and the manner in which each object on the slide.
To changes the settings for an object.
Choose Slide Show à Custom Animation
In
custom animation we can set
- The timing
- Control when sounds and text
items are introduced.
- Determine how we want charts
animated
- Set play settings to control when and if an object is animated
on the slide.
Running a Slide Show
To run a slide show
Click Slide Showà
View Show
New
window of Microsoft Powerpoint 2007
INTERNET
Internet
is a world wide network of computers. It consists of millions of computers
connected to each other and capable of exchanging data and information by using
communication links such as telephone lines fiber optics satellite and other Medias.
WWW – World Wide Web
World
Wide Web is the collection of all types of information stored in millions of
computers connected to the internet.
E-Mail
Electronic mail or E-mail is a simple tool for sending
and receiving brief text messages between individuals or among larger audiences.
GIMP
GIMPis
an acronym for GNU Image Manipulation Program. It is a freely distributed
program for such tasks as photo retouching, image composition and image
authoring.
Starting GIMP
Start à Programs à
GIMP
Now we get a small window,
containing many tool and options on screen.
To create a new file,
Click new from the file menu, we
get a dialog box, give the width, height and resolution of the file and then
click ok.
Tools in GIMP
Rectangular selection tool
Elliptical selection tool
Hand- drawn selection tool
Bezier curves selection tool
Image shapes selection tool
Selection Tool
Pick color tool
Zoom in and out tool
Distance and Angular measurement tool
Move Layer and selection tool
Cut & Resize tool
Rotation tool
Shearing tool
Change the mode of vision tool
To turn
the layer tool
Text
tool
Fill
with color or pattern
Fill with color gradient
Pencil tool
Brush tool
Eraser tool
Spray colors
Pen tool
Pattern tool
Change background color
Click Black rectangle on the tool box
We will get a dialog box , Select the required color
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