Unit 2: MS-DOS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Introduction to MS-DOS
Internal and External commands
File creation and copying files
Directory creation
Installation of DOS and Windows
Introduction to MS-DOS
MS-DOS, means Microsoft Disk Operating System. MD-DOS was created in 1981 when it was used in IBM PC. Dos as with any operating system controls computer activity.
We can type MS-DOS command using a Command prompt window. The MS-DOS mode is a shell in which the MS_DOS environment is emulated in 32 bit systems.
How to open DOS
Click on start button Programs Accessories Command prompt OR
Click on start button Run type CMD or command OK
Features of MS-DOS
a. MS-DOS operating system can be stores in a single disk.
b. DOS supports maximum 8 characters in file name.
c. Three main system files are there in DOS 1. IO.SYS 2. MSDOS.SYS 3. Command.com.
d. There are some supportive files also. Such as Config.sys and Autoexec.bat
e. In DOS folders are called Directory
f. These characters /|:*?<>are not supports in files and directory name.
g. DOS commands are divided into two types; i.e., Internal Command, External Command.
Internal command and its Functions
To view
Command
To get current date
DATE
To get current time
TIME
To get current version
VER
To get current volume
VOL
To clear screen
CLS
To check version of Operating system
VER
Come out from the current directory
CD\
Change command prompt
DRIVE NAME:
Display list of Directories
DIR
Display directories page wise
DIR/P
Display directories by name
DIR/N
Display directories by group
DIR/G
Display system files
DIR/S
To copy files
COPY<Space>CON<Space>Source_File_Name<Space>Destination
To rename the file
REN<Space>Old_File_Name<Space>New_File_Name
To delete file
DEL<Space>File_Name
To see the content of a file
TYPE<Space>File_Name
Exit from DOS
EXIT
External Command
To view
Command
To see label of the volume drive
LABEL
Modify files content
EDIT<Space>File_Name
Creating Files
A file can be created using the edit command or the copy con command. Below are examples with each command on how to create a file called myfile.txt.
With the edit command to create a file type the below command at the prompt:
Edit<Space>myfile.txt<press enter>
If available, this should open the edit editor. Once you have typed the information for the file myfile.txt, click File and choose exit. When clicking exit, the computer will prompt you if you wish to save the file, click Yes and the file will be created.
With copy con command to create a file type the below command at the prompt:
Copy<Space>con<Space>myfile.txt <press enter>
When typing the above you will return down one line to a blank line. Create the file line by line. Once you are ready to create the file press enter to get to a blank line and then press and hold CTRL and press Z then let go of both buttons. This will return a ^Z. Once this has been entered press enter to save and exit the file.
Creating Directory
As the number of files increases in a disk, a need is felt to organize them in a meaningful way by creating sub-directories to store a group of logically related/similar files.
To create a directory, DOS provides the MKDIR (Make Directory) or MD command.
Syntax: D:\>MKDIR [drive:] {pathname} or D:\>MD [drive:] {pathname}
Square brackets indicate that [drive:] entry is optional.
The MD or MKDIR command creates a new empty directory whose name is the last item specified in the pathname, in the specified drive. If active, the drive need not be specified. If the directory is to be created as a sub-directory of the working directory on the active drive, typing MD {directory name} at the DOS prompt or command prompt is sufficient.
Examples: D:\> MD \ACCT\RND
Makes a RND directory in the: drive, under ACCT directory.
Installation of DOS and Windows
Today users will not need to install MS-DOS on their computers. Computers that have any version of Microsoft Windows installed on them can run the Windows command line shell, which can be used to perform almost all of the same tasks earlier versions of MS-DOS could, including running most of the older MS-DOS programs.
Installing Windows XP
All versions of Windows XP CD are bootable. In order to boot from CD/DVD-ROM you need to set the boot sequence. Look for the boot sequence under your BIOS setup and make sure that the first boot device is set to CD/DVD-ROM. You can then perform the following steps to install Windows XP:
Step 1 - Start your PC and place your Windows XP CD in your CD/DVD-ROM drive. Your PC should automatically detect the CD and you will get a message saying "Press any key to boot from CD". Soon as computer starts booting from the CD your will get the following screen:
Step 2 - You will then get a Windows XP Professional Setup screen. You have the option to do a new Windows install, Repair previous install or quit. Since we are doing a new install we just press Enter to continue.
Step 3 - You will be presented with the End User Licensing Agreement. Press F8 to accept and continue.
Step 4 - The next screen will show you any current installations of Windows and prompt you to choose to either repair or install Windows XP. You will see that your current installation is highlighted if you have one. Since we do not want to do a repair this time, press the escape key (ESC) to install a fresh copy of Windows XP.
On the next screen we want to delete any existing partitions shown by pressing D. The next screen will ask you to hit Enter in order to delete the partition. Press the Enter key. The next screen will ask you to press L in order to delete the partition. It also warns you that all data will be lost. Press L to delete the partition.
The next screen will show your hard drive as "Unpartitioned Space" with the size listed in megabytes (MB) as shown below. To keep it simple we will press Enter to install Windows XP in the selected space. That means the entire hard drive will be your C: drive.
Step 5 - The next screen will show your new "raw" partition. Press Enter to setup Windows on your new partition. The next screen will format your new partition. Use the DOWN arrow key to select "Format the Partition Using the NTFS File System" and hit enter. Your hard drive will now be formatted as shown below. You can track the progress by watching the large yellow bar go across the screen if you like. The time it takes depends on the size of your hard drive. After the format process, setup will begin copying the necessary Windows files to your hard drive.
Step 6 - After the setup has completed copying the files the computer will restart. Leave the XP CD in the drive but this time DO NOT press any key when the message "Press any key to boot from CD" is displayed. In few seconds setup will continue. Windows XP Setup wizard will guide you through the setup process of gathering information about your computer in GUI (Graphic User Interface) screens..
Step 7 – The first GUI screen is the "Regional and Language Options" screen. Unless you have a reason to change your region or language, just click Enter to move on.
The next screen is the "Personalize Your Software" screen; just type your name and your organization name, if any. Click Next.
The next screen is the "Product Key" screen. Type your product key as it appears on your Windows XP CD case. The product key is unique for every Windows XP installation. Click Next.
The next screen is the "Computer Name and Administrator Password" screen. Enter a name that uniquely identifies your computer. Spaces and punctuation are not allowed. Enter a password that you can remember in the Administrator password box, and then enter it again in the Confirm password box. Write the password down and store it in a secure place. Click Next.
The next screen is the "Date and Time Settings" screen. Set your computer’s clock and the Time Zone. Click Next.
On the "Networking Settings" screen, make sure "Typical" is selected. Click Next.
If this is a home computer, just accept the default setting for the "Workgroup or Computer Domain" screen. Click Next.
Step 8 - The installation process will spend the next 20 minutes or so configuring your computer and will automatically restart when finished. When the Display Settings and the Monitor Settings notifications appear, just click OK and a Welcome screen appears. The final stage of the setup process begins.
Step 9 - On the "Welcome to Microsoft Windows" screen, click Next. Then on the "Help protect your PC" screen, click "Help protect my PC by turning on Automatic Updates now or Not right now." Then, click Next. The next screen will then check to see if you are connected to the Internet: If you are connected to the Internet, select the choice that describes your network connection on the "Will this computer connect to the Internet directly, or through a network?" screen. If you are not sure, accept the default selection, and click Next.
The next screen is the "Ready to activate Windows?" screen. If you are connected to the Internet, click Yes, and then click Next. If you are not yet connected to the Internet, click No. After setup is complete, Windows XP will automatically remind you to activate and register your copy of Windows XP.
Step 10 - On the "Who will use this computer?" screen, type the name of each person who will use the computer, then click Next.
You will get a Thank you screen to confirm setup is complete. Click finish.
Congratulations! You have completed your installation of Windows XP.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Introduction to MS-DOS
Internal and External commands
File creation and copying files
Directory creation
Installation of DOS and Windows
Introduction to MS-DOS
MS-DOS, means Microsoft Disk Operating System. MD-DOS was created in 1981 when it was used in IBM PC. Dos as with any operating system controls computer activity.
We can type MS-DOS command using a Command prompt window. The MS-DOS mode is a shell in which the MS_DOS environment is emulated in 32 bit systems.
How to open DOS
Click on start button Programs Accessories Command prompt OR
Click on start button Run type CMD or command OK
Features of MS-DOS
a. MS-DOS operating system can be stores in a single disk.
b. DOS supports maximum 8 characters in file name.
c. Three main system files are there in DOS 1. IO.SYS 2. MSDOS.SYS 3. Command.com.
d. There are some supportive files also. Such as Config.sys and Autoexec.bat
e. In DOS folders are called Directory
f. These characters /|:*?<>are not supports in files and directory name.
g. DOS commands are divided into two types; i.e., Internal Command, External Command.
Internal command and its Functions
To view
Command
To get current date
DATE
To get current time
TIME
To get current version
VER
To get current volume
VOL
To clear screen
CLS
To check version of Operating system
VER
Come out from the current directory
CD\
Change command prompt
DRIVE NAME:
Display list of Directories
DIR
Display directories page wise
DIR/P
Display directories by name
DIR/N
Display directories by group
DIR/G
Display system files
DIR/S
To copy files
COPY<Space>CON<Space>Source_File_Name<Space>Destination
To rename the file
REN<Space>Old_File_Name<Space>New_File_Name
To delete file
DEL<Space>File_Name
To see the content of a file
TYPE<Space>File_Name
Exit from DOS
EXIT
External Command
To view
Command
To see label of the volume drive
LABEL
Modify files content
EDIT<Space>File_Name
Creating Files
A file can be created using the edit command or the copy con command. Below are examples with each command on how to create a file called myfile.txt.
With the edit command to create a file type the below command at the prompt:
Edit<Space>myfile.txt<press enter>
If available, this should open the edit editor. Once you have typed the information for the file myfile.txt, click File and choose exit. When clicking exit, the computer will prompt you if you wish to save the file, click Yes and the file will be created.
With copy con command to create a file type the below command at the prompt:
Copy<Space>con<Space>myfile.txt <press enter>
When typing the above you will return down one line to a blank line. Create the file line by line. Once you are ready to create the file press enter to get to a blank line and then press and hold CTRL and press Z then let go of both buttons. This will return a ^Z. Once this has been entered press enter to save and exit the file.
Creating Directory
As the number of files increases in a disk, a need is felt to organize them in a meaningful way by creating sub-directories to store a group of logically related/similar files.
To create a directory, DOS provides the MKDIR (Make Directory) or MD command.
Syntax: D:\>MKDIR [drive:] {pathname} or D:\>MD [drive:] {pathname}
Square brackets indicate that [drive:] entry is optional.
The MD or MKDIR command creates a new empty directory whose name is the last item specified in the pathname, in the specified drive. If active, the drive need not be specified. If the directory is to be created as a sub-directory of the working directory on the active drive, typing MD {directory name} at the DOS prompt or command prompt is sufficient.
Examples: D:\> MD \ACCT\RND
Makes a RND directory in the: drive, under ACCT directory.
Installation of DOS and Windows
Today users will not need to install MS-DOS on their computers. Computers that have any version of Microsoft Windows installed on them can run the Windows command line shell, which can be used to perform almost all of the same tasks earlier versions of MS-DOS could, including running most of the older MS-DOS programs.
Installing Windows XP
All versions of Windows XP CD are bootable. In order to boot from CD/DVD-ROM you need to set the boot sequence. Look for the boot sequence under your BIOS setup and make sure that the first boot device is set to CD/DVD-ROM. You can then perform the following steps to install Windows XP:
Step 1 - Start your PC and place your Windows XP CD in your CD/DVD-ROM drive. Your PC should automatically detect the CD and you will get a message saying "Press any key to boot from CD". Soon as computer starts booting from the CD your will get the following screen:
Step 2 - You will then get a Windows XP Professional Setup screen. You have the option to do a new Windows install, Repair previous install or quit. Since we are doing a new install we just press Enter to continue.
Step 3 - You will be presented with the End User Licensing Agreement. Press F8 to accept and continue.
Step 4 - The next screen will show you any current installations of Windows and prompt you to choose to either repair or install Windows XP. You will see that your current installation is highlighted if you have one. Since we do not want to do a repair this time, press the escape key (ESC) to install a fresh copy of Windows XP.
On the next screen we want to delete any existing partitions shown by pressing D. The next screen will ask you to hit Enter in order to delete the partition. Press the Enter key. The next screen will ask you to press L in order to delete the partition. It also warns you that all data will be lost. Press L to delete the partition.
The next screen will show your hard drive as "Unpartitioned Space" with the size listed in megabytes (MB) as shown below. To keep it simple we will press Enter to install Windows XP in the selected space. That means the entire hard drive will be your C: drive.
Step 5 - The next screen will show your new "raw" partition. Press Enter to setup Windows on your new partition. The next screen will format your new partition. Use the DOWN arrow key to select "Format the Partition Using the NTFS File System" and hit enter. Your hard drive will now be formatted as shown below. You can track the progress by watching the large yellow bar go across the screen if you like. The time it takes depends on the size of your hard drive. After the format process, setup will begin copying the necessary Windows files to your hard drive.
Step 6 - After the setup has completed copying the files the computer will restart. Leave the XP CD in the drive but this time DO NOT press any key when the message "Press any key to boot from CD" is displayed. In few seconds setup will continue. Windows XP Setup wizard will guide you through the setup process of gathering information about your computer in GUI (Graphic User Interface) screens..
Step 7 – The first GUI screen is the "Regional and Language Options" screen. Unless you have a reason to change your region or language, just click Enter to move on.
The next screen is the "Personalize Your Software" screen; just type your name and your organization name, if any. Click Next.
The next screen is the "Product Key" screen. Type your product key as it appears on your Windows XP CD case. The product key is unique for every Windows XP installation. Click Next.
The next screen is the "Computer Name and Administrator Password" screen. Enter a name that uniquely identifies your computer. Spaces and punctuation are not allowed. Enter a password that you can remember in the Administrator password box, and then enter it again in the Confirm password box. Write the password down and store it in a secure place. Click Next.
The next screen is the "Date and Time Settings" screen. Set your computer’s clock and the Time Zone. Click Next.
On the "Networking Settings" screen, make sure "Typical" is selected. Click Next.
If this is a home computer, just accept the default setting for the "Workgroup or Computer Domain" screen. Click Next.
Step 8 - The installation process will spend the next 20 minutes or so configuring your computer and will automatically restart when finished. When the Display Settings and the Monitor Settings notifications appear, just click OK and a Welcome screen appears. The final stage of the setup process begins.
Step 9 - On the "Welcome to Microsoft Windows" screen, click Next. Then on the "Help protect your PC" screen, click "Help protect my PC by turning on Automatic Updates now or Not right now." Then, click Next. The next screen will then check to see if you are connected to the Internet: If you are connected to the Internet, select the choice that describes your network connection on the "Will this computer connect to the Internet directly, or through a network?" screen. If you are not sure, accept the default selection, and click Next.
The next screen is the "Ready to activate Windows?" screen. If you are connected to the Internet, click Yes, and then click Next. If you are not yet connected to the Internet, click No. After setup is complete, Windows XP will automatically remind you to activate and register your copy of Windows XP.
Step 10 - On the "Who will use this computer?" screen, type the name of each person who will use the computer, then click Next.
You will get a Thank you screen to confirm setup is complete. Click finish.
Congratulations! You have completed your installation of Windows XP.
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